The following steps are scientific methods except

Analyze the question: The question asks which option is not a step in the scientific method.

Concept: The scientific method is a systematic procedure for investigating problems. The usual steps are:

1. Identifying or stating the problem
2. Observation and gathering information
3. Forming a hypothesis
4. Experimentation (testing the hypothesis)
5. Analysis and interpretation of results (data analysis)
6. Drawing a conclusion
7. Reporting or communicating the results

Checking each option:

• A. Experimentation: This is a step, because the hypothesis is tested by experiment.
• B. Problem identification: This is a step, because it is usually the very first stage.
• C. Analysis: This is a step, because results are analyzed and interpreted after the experiment.
• D. Open-mindedness: This is not a step. It is a scientific attitude (a quality or disposition of a scientist), like honesty, curiosity, objectivity, and patience. It describes how a scientist should behave, not a stage in the procedure.

Answer: D

Exam tip: Keep scientific methods (steps/procedures) separate from scientific attitudes (traits). Steps are actions, such as identifying, observing, hypothesizing, experimenting, analyzing, and concluding. Attitudes are qualities, such as open-mindedness, honesty, curiosity, and objectivity. If an option describes a personal quality rather than an action, it is probably the odd one out.