The process by which alkanoic acid reacts reversibly with alkanols is known as?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the name of the reversible reaction between an alkanoic acid (carboxylic acid, R-COOH) and an alkanol (alcohol, R'-OH).

Step 2: Explain the concept When a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst (usually concentrated H₂SO₄) and heat, an ester and water are formed. The reaction is reversible, so it reaches equilibrium:

RCOOH + R'OH ⇌ RCOOR' + H₂O

For example, ethanoic acid and ethanol:

CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH ⇌ CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O (ethanoic acid + ethanol ⇌ ethyl ethanoate + water)

This process is called esterification. The reverse reaction, where the ester is broken down by water, is called hydrolysis.

Step 3: Check the other options

• A. Saponification: This is the alkaline hydrolysis of an ester or fat to make soap. It is not reversible and does not involve an acid reacting with an alcohol.
• C. Carboxylation: This means adding a -COOH group (for example, CO₂ added to a compound). It does not apply here.
• D. Halogenation: This means substituting or adding halogen atoms (Cl, Br) to a compound. It does not apply here.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is **B.

Exam tip: Remember "Ester comes from Acid + Alcohol." Esterification is reversible (⇌), while saponification goes one way (→). Esters usually have fruity smells, and WASSCE often tests this as well.