Fact and oils are used as raw materials in the following industries except

Analyzing the question: The question asks which industry does NOT use fats and oils as raw materials. ("Fact" is a typo for "Fats".)

Concept: Fats and oils are esters of glycerol (triglycerides) with fatty acids. Their uses include:

• Paint industry (A): Drying oils such as linseed oil are used as binders and vehicles in oil-based paints and varnishes.
• Margarine industry (C): Vegetable oils are hydrogenated (using a nickel catalyst) to make margarine.
• Cosmetics industry (D): Oils and fats are used in creams, lotions, lipsticks, and soaps (for example, palm kernel oil and shea butter).
• Soap and detergent industry: Saponification of fats and oils with NaOH or KOH.

Plastic industry (B): Plastics are mainly made from petrochemical products such as ethene, propene, and vinyl chloride, which are polymerized into polythene, PVC, and so on. These come from crude oil (petroleum), not from animal or vegetable fats and oils. So fats and oils are not the typical raw materials for plastics.

Working through it:

1. Check each industry for its raw materials.
2. Paint, margarine, and cosmetics all use fats or oils directly.
3. Plastics rely on petroleum-derived monomers.
4. So the exception is the plastic industry.

Answer: B. plastic industry.

Exam tip: Don't confuse "oil" in the sense of petroleum (crude oil) with "oils" in the sense of vegetable or animal oils (esters). Plastics, synthetic detergents, and synthetic fibres come from petroleum. Soap, margarine, paints, and cosmetics come from natural fats and oils.