In which of the following structures is simple sugar produced?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks where simple sugar (glucose) is produced. This points to photosynthesis, the process by which plants make food.

Step 2: Explain the concept Photosynthesis is summarized as:

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (in the presence of light and chlorophyll)

The glucose (a simple sugar) is made in the chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll. The light-dependent stage happens in the grana, and the light-independent stage (Calvin cycle) happens in the stroma. Glucose is the end product.

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Vacuole: Stores water, salts, and sugars, but does not make them.
• B. Cytoplasm: Site of glycolysis (breakdown of glucose) and other reactions, not the production of sugar from CO₂ and water.
• C. Chloroplast: Contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis, so this is where simple sugar is produced. ✔
• D. Cell wall: Gives support and shape, made mainly of cellulose, and has no role in making sugar.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is **C.

Exam tip: Remember "Chloroplast = Chlorophyll = Cooking food." If a question says produced or manufactured in relation to sugar or food in plants, think chloroplast. If it says stored, think vacuole (or storage organs). If it says broken down for energy, think mitochondria (and cytoplasm for glycolysis).