WAEC 2018 Biology · Question 23

Xerophytes have the following characteristics aimed at conserving water except

Options

  1. A.thick cuticle
  2. B.broad leaf surfaces
  3. C.sunken stomata
  4. D.waxy cuticle

Answer: B. broad leaf surfaces

Explanation written with AI and checked against the answer key

Analyze the question: We need the option that is NOT a water-conserving feature of xerophytes (plants adapted to dry habitats).

Concept: Xerophytes lose as little water as possible through transpiration. Their adaptations reduce evaporation by cutting down surface area, blocking water vapour escape, or trapping humid air near the stomata.

Going through each option:

  • A. Thick cuticle: This is an adaptation. It forms a barrier that reduces water loss from the leaf surface.
  • B. Broad leaf surfaces: This is not an adaptation. A large surface area increases transpiration. Xerophytes instead have narrow, small, needle-like or spiny leaves (e.g., cactus spines, pine needles).
  • C. Sunken stomata: This is an adaptation. Stomata in pits trap moist air and reduce the diffusion gradient, so less water vapour escapes.
  • D. Waxy cuticle: This is an adaptation. Wax is waterproof and cuts down evaporation.

Answer: The odd one out is **B.

Tip: Think "xerophyte = small surface area." Any option suggesting large or broad leaves is almost always the exception. Other typical xerophyte features include rolled leaves, leaf hairs, deep roots, and water-storing stems.

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