Which of the following animals exhibits territoriality?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which animal shows territoriality, a type of behaviour in which an animal defends a particular area against other members of its own species.

Step 2: Explain the concept Territoriality is the defence of an area that holds resources such as food, shelter, or mates. Animals mark and guard it using displays, calls, scent marks, or fighting. Territorial behaviour is common in animals with well-developed senses and behaviour, such as birds, many fishes, and especially lizards.

Step 3: Evaluate each option

• A. Rabbit: Rabbits live in groups in warrens and have social hierarchies. They do show some scent marking, but they are not the classic example in WASSCE Biology.
• B. Earthworm: It has a simple nervous system and no territorial behaviour.
• C. Lizard: This is the classic example. Male agama lizards (common in Nigeria) defend their territory by head-bobbing, push-up displays, and bright colouring (the red head and blue body) to warn off rival males.
• D. Toad: Toads are mostly solitary and move about to feed and breed. They are not usually described as territorial.

Step 4: Answer The correct answer is C. Lizard.

Tip: For territoriality questions, think of the male agama lizard (head-bobbing, colour displays), birds, and fishes. Earthworms and other simple invertebrates almost never show it.