The following effects are associated with deforestation except

Analyze the question: We need the option that is NOT an effect of deforestation (removing forests/trees).

Concept: Trees hold soil with their roots, give shelter and food to animals, and release water vapour through transpiration, which helps form clouds and rain. Removing them disturbs all of these.

Checking each option:

• A. Gully erosion: Without roots to bind the soil and leaves to break the force of raindrops, running water cuts channels in the soil. This is an effect of deforestation.
• B. Extinction of plant species: Clearing forests destroys habitats and kills plants, so some species can disappear. This is an effect.
• C. Migration of wildlife: Animals lose food and shelter and move to other areas. This is an effect.
• D. Increase in rainfall: Fewer trees mean less transpiration and less water vapour in the air, so rainfall decreases. It does not increase. This is not an effect of deforestation.

Tip: For "except" questions, find the option that is the opposite of what really happens. Deforestation leads to less rainfall, more erosion, loss of habitat, and desertification. Remember: "Fewer trees, fewer rains."