WAEC 2010 Biology · Question 57

A person with blood group, O can be given blood from persons who have blood belonging to

Options

  1. A.group O only
  2. B.group A only
  3. C.groups A and O
  4. D.groups A, B and O

Answer: A. group O only

Explanation written with AI and checked against the answer key

Analyze the question: A person with blood group O is the recipient. We need to find which donor blood groups they can safely receive.

Concept: Blood groups are defined by the antigens on red blood cells and the antibodies in the plasma:

| Group | Antigen on red cells | Antibodies in plasma | |-------|---------------------|----------------------| | A | A | anti-B | | B | B | anti-A | | AB | A and B | none | | O | none | anti-A and anti-B |

A recipient's antibodies attack any donor red cells carrying the matching antigen, causing agglutination (clumping).

Solution:

  • A person of group O has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
  • If they received group A blood, their anti-A would attack the A antigens and the cells would clump.
  • If they received group B blood, their anti-B would attack the B antigens and the cells would clump.
  • Group AB would be attacked by both antibodies.
  • Group O red cells have no A or B antigens, so there is nothing for the recipient's antibodies to attack.

So a group O person can only receive blood from group O donors.

Answer: A. group O only

Tip: Remember "O gives to all, but receives only from O." Group O is the universal donor (it can give to everyone), but a group O person can only receive from group O. Don't mix this up with AB, which is the universal recipient.

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