The term torque means

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the definition of "torque" in physics. Note that option B has a typo: "ads" should be "axis."

Step 2: Explain the concept Torque is the turning effect of a force about a point or axis. It is calculated as:

Torque = Force × perpendicular distance from the pivot (axis) to the line of action of the force

τ = F × d (unit: newton-metre, N·m)

This is the same as the moment of a force about an axis. A related idea is a couple, which is a pair of equal and opposite parallel forces whose lines of action do not coincide. A couple produces a torque, but the two are not the same thing.

Step 3: Evaluate the options

• A. Equilibrant of two concurrent forces: This is the single force that balances the two forces. It is not torque.
• B. Moment of a force about an axis: This is the definition of torque.
• C. Resultant of several forces on a body in equilibrium: In equilibrium the resultant is zero, so this is not torque.
• D. Two coplanar forces at right angles: This describes a force arrangement, not torque.
• E. Two equal and opposite forces whose lines of action do not coincide: This is the definition of a couple, not torque itself.

Step 4: Answer

Tip: Remember "Torque = Turning effect = Moment." If an option says "two equal, opposite, non-collinear forces," think couple. Examiners often use option E as a trap. Do not let the two terms confuse you.