Which of the following is bryophyte?

Step 1: Analyze the question We need to find which option is a bryophyte, meaning a member of the plant group that includes mosses and liverworts.

Step 2: Explain the concept Bryophytes are simple, non-vascular land plants. They have:

• No true roots, stems, or leaves (they have rhizoids instead)
• No xylem or phloem
• A need for moisture to reproduce, because their sperm swim to the egg
• A dominant gametophyte generation

They are divided into two main classes:

• Hepaticae: the liverworts (e.g., Marchantia)
• Musci: the mosses (e.g., Funaria)

Step 3: Evaluate the options

• A. Bladderwort (Utricularia): a flowering plant that traps small aquatic animals. It is an angiosperm, not a bryophyte.
• B. Flytrap (Venus flytrap, Dionaea): an insectivorous flowering plant, so an angiosperm.
• C. Liverwort: a bryophyte in the class Hepaticae. ✔
• D. Pitcher (pitcher plant, Nepenthes): an insectivorous flowering plant, so an angiosperm.
• E. Sundew (Drosera): an insectivorous flowering plant, so an angiosperm.

Options A, B, D and E are all insectivorous (carnivorous) plants. They grow in nitrogen-poor soils and get extra nitrogen by trapping insects. Liverwort is the only one that is not a flowering plant.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. Liverwort.

Exam tip: When four options are insectivorous plants and one is not, the odd one out is usually the answer. Remember that bryophytes = mosses and liverworts, and that "wort" in an old plant name does not always mean the same group, so check the plant itself. Bladderwort has "wort" in its name but is a flowering carnivorous plant.