Which of the following functions of the body are nephrons associated with?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which body function nephrons are involved in. So we need to recall what a nephron is.

Step 2: Explain the concept A nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney contains about a million of them. A nephron has:

• Bowman's capsule and glomerulus, which carry out ultrafiltration of blood
• Proximal convoluted tubule, which reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, and most water and salts
• Loop of Henle, which helps concentrate the urine
• Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, which adjust water and salt levels (osmoregulation) and carry urine away

Step 3: Work through the options

• A. Circulation: this is the job of the heart and blood vessels. ✗
• B. Digestion: this takes place in the alimentary canal and its associated glands. ✗
• C. Excretion: nephrons filter blood and remove nitrogenous wastes such as urea, along with excess water and salts, as urine. ✓
• D. Reproduction: this is handled by the gonads and associated organs. ✗
• E. Respiration: this involves the lungs, gills, or tracheae. ✗

Step 4: Answer Nephrons are associated with excretion (and osmoregulation), which is option C.

Exam tip: Link the organs to their functions with the pairs below, since NECO and JAMB often test these:

• Nephron → kidney → excretion
• Alveolus → lung → gaseous exchange
• Villus → ileum → absorption of digested food
• Neuron → nervous system → coordination

Whenever you see "nephron," think "kidney = excretion."