Deficiency of calcium in a child’s diet causes

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which condition results from a lack of calcium in a child's diet.

Step 2: Explain the concept Calcium is a mineral needed to build strong bones and teeth. It works closely with vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium. If a growing child does not get enough calcium (or vitamin D), the bones do not harden properly.

Step 3: Go through the options

• A. Cretinism: Caused by a lack of iodine (thyroid hormone) in early life, leading to stunted physical and mental growth. Not calcium.
• B. Goiter: Swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck, caused by iodine deficiency. Not calcium.
• C. Kwashiorkor: Caused by protein deficiency. Children show a swollen belly, edema, and thin limbs. Not calcium.
• D. Rickets: Caused by a deficiency of calcium (and vitamin D). The bones become soft and weak, leading to bow legs, knock knees, and deformed ribs. This matches the question.
• E. Scurvy: Caused by vitamin C deficiency, with bleeding gums and slow wound healing. Not calcium.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is D. Rickets.

Tip to remember: Match each deficiency to its disease:

• Calcium/Vitamin D → Rickets (think "Rock-hard bones are missing")
• Iodine → Goiter/Cretinism
• Protein → Kwashiorkor
• Vitamin C → Scurvy

Well done for practicing past questions. This is a frequently repeated topic in NECO and WASSCE, so keep this table in mind!