The movement of particles in liquids and gases is referred to as

Analysis of the Question

The question asks for the specific term used to describe the continuous, random, and erratic movement of microscopic particles suspended in a fluid (liquid or gas).

Explanation of the Concept

In physics, the kinetic theory of matter states that particles in fluids are in a state of constant motion.

• Brownian motion is the random, zig-zag movement of particles suspended in a fluid. This occurs because the particles are being bombarded by the rapidly moving molecules of the liquid or gas.
• Translational motion refers to the movement of an object from one point to another in a straight or curved path.
• Isobaric process is a thermodynamic process where the pressure of a system remains constant.
• Vibrational motion is the to-and-fro movement of particles about a fixed position, which is characteristic of particles in a solid state.

Step-by-Step Solution

1. Evaluate the options: • A (Translational motion): This describes the general movement of an object, not the specific random motion of particles in a fluid. • B (Isobaric process): This is a term used in thermodynamics regarding pressure, not particle movement. • C (Brownian motion): This is the scientific term for the random, chaotic movement of particles in liquids and gases, first observed by Robert Brown. • D (Vibrational motion): This describes particles in a solid, which are locked in place and only vibrate.

2. Conclusion: Since the question specifically refers to the movement of particles in liquids and gases, Brownian motion is the correct scientific term.

Correct Answer

The correct option is C.

Exam Tip

To remember this for your JAMB exam, associate "Brownian" with "Bouncing". Think of tiny particles "bouncing" around randomly in a fluid because they are being hit by invisible molecules. This will help you distinguish it from vibrational motion (solids) and translational motion (general movement).