Which of the following is true of an electrical charge?

Analysis of the Question

This question tests your fundamental understanding of electrostatics and the nature of electric current. To solve this, we need to look at the definitions of charge carriers and the flow of electricity.

Concept Explanation

1. Positive Charge: In an atom, protons are fixed in the nucleus, while electrons are in the outer shells. When an object becomes positively charged, it is because it has lost some of its electrons. Therefore, a positive charge represents a deficit (shortage) of electrons.
2. Negative Charge: Conversely, when an object gains extra electrons, it becomes negatively charged. Thus, a negative charge represents an excess of electrons.
3. Electric Current: In metallic conductors (like copper wires used in household wiring), electric current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge. Since electrons are the mobile charge carriers in these conductors, the movement of electrons constitutes the electric current.

Step-by-Step Solution

• Evaluating Option A: Since a positive charge is caused by the removal of electrons, "deficit of electrons" is scientifically correct.
• Evaluating Option B: Since a negative charge is caused by the addition of electrons, "excess of electrons" is scientifically correct.
• Evaluating Option C: In standard physics, current is the flow of charge. In solids, this flow is specifically the movement of electrons. This is correct.
• Evaluating Option D: Since A, B, and C are all correct statements regarding electrical charges and current, this is the logical choice.

Conclusion

Exam Tip

When you see an "All of the above" option in a JAMB or WASSCE question, always verify at least two of the options. If both are correct, it is highly likely that "All of the above" is the intended answer. Don't rush to pick the first correct option you see!