When an atom loses or gain a charge it becomes

1. Analyze the question

The question asks for the term used to describe an atom that has undergone a change in its electrical charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

2. Explain the concept

In a neutral atom, the number of positively charged protons in the nucleus is equal to the number of negatively charged electrons orbiting the nucleus. Because these charges balance out, the atom is electrically neutral.

However, atoms can gain or lose electrons during chemical reactions or physical processes:

• Loss of electrons: The atom now has more protons than electrons, resulting in a positive charge.
• Gain of electrons: The atom now has more electrons than protons, resulting in a negative charge.

An atom that carries an electrical charge (either positive or negative) is scientifically referred to as an ion.

3. Show the solution

• Option A (An electron): An electron is a subatomic particle with a negative charge; it is a component of an atom, not the atom itself.
• Option B (An ion): This is the correct term for an atom that has gained or lost electrons, thereby acquiring a net electrical charge.
• Option C (A neutron): A neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus with no electrical charge (neutral).
• Option D (A proton): A proton is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a positive charge.

Since the question describes an atom changing its charge state, "ion" is the correct classification.

4. Identify the answer

The correct option is B.

5. Tip

Think of the word "ION" as standing for Imbalanced Orbiting Numbers (of electrons). If you remember that atoms want to be stable, they "trade" electrons to become ions, which then stick together to form compounds!