Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

Analysis

The question asks us to identify the incorrect statement among the four options provided regarding the kinetic theory of matter.

Concept Explanation

The Kinetic Theory of Matter is a fundamental principle in Physics that describes the behavior of matter. Its core tenets include:

1. Particle Nature: All matter is composed of tiny, discrete particles (atoms or molecules).
2. Constant Motion: These particles are in a state of continuous, random motion. Even in solids, particles vibrate about fixed positions; in liquids and gases, they move more freely.
3. Brownian Motion: This is the random, zig-zag movement of particles suspended in a fluid (liquid or gas), caused by collisions with the fast-moving molecules of the fluid. It serves as direct evidence that matter is made of particles in constant motion.

Step-by-Step Evaluation

• Option A: "Molecules of a liquid are stationary." According to the kinetic theory, molecules in a liquid are not stationary; they possess kinetic energy and move past one another, which is why liquids can flow. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
• Option B: "Brownian motion is an evidence of particle nature of matter." This is a correct statement, as Brownian motion proves that invisible particles are constantly colliding with visible ones.
• Option C: "Matter is made up of molecules." This is a correct statement, as it defines the basic composition of matter.
• Option D: "The molecules of matter are in constant motion." This is a correct statement, as it aligns with the fundamental kinetic theory of matter.

Conclusion

Since the question asks for the statement that is NOT correct, Option A is the right choice because molecules in a liquid are definitely in motion, not stationary.

Exam Tip

When you see "NOT" or "EXCEPT" in a JAMB question, circle it immediately! It is easy to accidentally pick the first correct statement you see. Always double-check that you are selecting the false statement, not the true ones.