Which of the following is true of an electrical charge?

Analysis

This question tests your fundamental understanding of electrostatics and current electricity. To solve this, we need to look at the definition of charge carriers and the nature of electric current.

Concept Explanation

1. Positive Charge: In an atom, protons are fixed in the nucleus, while electrons are mobile. When an object becomes positively charged, it is because it has lost electrons. Therefore, a positive charge represents a "deficit" or shortage of electrons.
2. Negative Charge: Conversely, when an object gains extra electrons, it becomes negatively charged. Thus, a negative charge represents an "excess" of electrons.
3. Electric Current: In metallic conductors (like the copper wires used in household wiring), electric current is defined as the flow or movement of free electrons through the conductor.

Step-by-Step Solution

• Option A: Since a positive charge is created by the removal of electrons, "deficit of electrons" is a correct description.
• Option B: Since a negative charge is created by the addition of electrons, "excess of electrons" is a correct description.
• Option C: In physics, we define current in a circuit as the rate of flow of charge, which, in solids, is specifically the movement of electrons. This is also correct.

Since options A, B, and C are all scientifically accurate statements regarding electrical charges and current, option D must be the correct choice.

Exam Tip

When you see an "All of the above" option in a JAMB Physics question, always verify at least two of the options. If both are correct, you can confidently select "All of the above" without needing to spend extra time analyzing the third one. This saves you valuable time during the exam!