Which of the following is not true of an electrical charge?

Analysis

The question asks us to identify the statement that is not true regarding electrical charges and current. We need to evaluate each option based on the fundamental principles of electrostatics and current electricity.

Concept Explanation

1. Nature of Charge: Atoms consist of protons (positive) in the nucleus and electrons (negative) orbiting the nucleus. An object becomes negatively charged when it gains extra electrons (an excess) and positively charged when it loses electrons (a deficit).
2. Electric Current: In metallic conductors, electric current is defined as the flow or movement of free electrons through the material.

Step-by-Step Solution

• Option A: "Negative charge means deficit electrons" • If an object has a deficit of electrons, it means there are more protons than electrons. This results in a positive charge, not a negative one. Therefore, this statement is false.
• Option B: "Negative charge means excess of electrons" • If an object has an excess of electrons, it has more negative particles than positive ones. This results in a negative charge. This statement is true.
• Option C: "Electric current means movement of electrons" • In conductors, the flow of charge is indeed the flow of electrons. This statement is true.

Since the question asks for the statement that is not true, and Option A describes a positive charge rather than a negative one, Option A is the correct choice.

Conclusion

The statement "Negative charge means deficit electrons" is scientifically incorrect because a deficit of electrons results in a positive charge.

Exam Tip: Always remember the mnemonic "P-E-D": Positive = Electron Deficit. This will help you avoid confusion between positive and negative charging processes in your exams.