The net movement of solvent molecules from a region of high solvent potential to a region of lower solvent…

1. Analyze the question

The question asks for the specific term used to describe the movement of solvent molecules (usually water) across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high solvent potential to one of lower solvent potential.

2. Explain the concept

To understand this, we must distinguish between the terms provided:

• Diffusion: This is the net movement of particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. It does not require a membrane.
• Osmosis: This is a special type of diffusion. It specifically refers to the movement of solvent molecules (like water) through a semi-permeable membrane. The membrane allows the solvent to pass through but restricts the movement of larger solute particles.
• Surface Tension: This is a property of liquids that allows them to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules at the surface.
• Cohesion: This refers to the force of attraction between molecules of the same substance.

3. Show the solution

• The key phrase in the question is "through a partially or semi permeable membrane."
• Whenever you see the movement of solvent molecules across a semi-permeable membrane, you are dealing with Osmosis.
• In biological and physical contexts, "solvent potential" refers to the concentration of free water molecules. Water moves from where there is more water (high potential) to where there is less water (low potential) to balance the concentration on both sides of the membrane.

4. Identify the answer

Comparing our definition to the options provided, Osmosis is the correct term.

5. Tip

Memory Trick: Think of the word "OSMO". You can remember that Osmosis requires a Semi-permeable Membrane for Osmotic movement. If there is no membrane mentioned, it is just simple diffusion!