Which of the following is NOT a duty of citizens in a state?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which option is NOT a duty of citizens. So we are looking for the one action that a citizen is not expected to perform, or that is actually harmful to the state.

Step 2: Explain the concept Citizens have duties (obligations) to the state. These are responsibilities the state expects citizens to carry out so that society runs smoothly. Common duties include:

• Obeying the laws of the land
• Paying taxes and levies
• Voting in elections
• Helping prevent and report crime
• Being loyal and patriotic to the country
• Defending the country when necessary
• Respecting the rights of others and public property

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Prevention of crimes: This is a duty. Citizens should report suspicious activities and cooperate with security agencies.
• B. Voting at election: This is a civic duty. It allows citizens to choose their leaders.
• C. Payment of taxes: This is a duty. Government needs revenue to provide roads, schools, hospitals and security.
• D. Spying on the state: This is not a duty. Spying against the state is a betrayal of loyalty, and it is treated as treason or espionage, which is a crime.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is D. Spying on the state.

Step 5: Exam tip For "NOT a duty" questions, look for the option that is illegal, disloyal or harmful. Duties are positive actions that support the state (obeying laws, paying taxes, voting, being loyal). Anything that works against the state, such as spying, treason or evading tax, is the odd one out.