One of the gains of the nationalist struggles in Nigeria was

Analyze the question: It asks for a gain (positive outcome) of the nationalist struggles in Nigeria, which were the efforts of Nigerians to end colonial rule and win self-government and independence.

Explain the concept: Nigerian nationalism began as a response to colonial rule, particularly after the 1914 amalgamation. Over time, nationalists used newspapers, youth movements, and political organisations to demand self-rule. Nationalist activities produced lasting results such as:

• Political parties (NCNC in 1944, Action Group in 1951, NPC in 1949)
• Constitutional reforms (Richards, Macpherson, Lyttleton constitutions)
• Greater political awareness and, eventually, independence in 1960

Step-by-step evaluation of the options:

• A. Return of the ex-servicemen: This was a cause of nationalism. After World War II, returning soldiers were frustrated by unemployment and discrimination and added momentum to the movement. It was not a gain from the struggle.
• B. Independence of Ghana: This happened in 1957 and was a Ghanaian achievement. It influenced Nigerian nationalists but was not a gain of the Nigerian struggle.
• C. Problems of regionalism: This was a negative consequence of the colonial arrangement, not a gain.
• D. Formation of political party: Nationalist agitation led to the birth of organised political parties, such as the Nigerian National Democratic Party (1923) under Herbert Macaulay, the NCNC, the AG, and the NPC. These gave Nigerians a structured way to take part in politics and negotiate for independence. This is a genuine gain.

Answer: D. Formation of political party.

Exam tip: In Government questions, separate causes of nationalism (ex-servicemen, WWII, the Atlantic Charter, Ghana's independence) from effects or gains (political parties, constitutional reforms, independence). Words like "gains," "results," or "outcomes" point to effects, while "factors" or "causes" point to the earlier events.