A system of government that allows executive powers to be vested in one person

1. Analyze the question The question asks which system of government vests executive powers in one person. The key phrase is "executive powers in one person."

2. Explain the concept The executive is the arm of government that implements laws. Systems differ in how they structure it:

• Presidential System: The President is both Head of State and Head of Government. Executive power is concentrated in a single person, who is elected separately from the legislature. Nigeria practises this system, with powers separated between the executive, legislature and judiciary.
• Parliamentary System: Executive power is shared collectively. The Prime Minister and ministers are drawn from the legislature, and the Head of State (a monarch or ceremonial president) is separate from the Head of Government.
• Cabinet System: This is a feature of parliamentary government. Executive authority is exercised collectively by a cabinet, so it is not in one person.
• Federal System: This concerns the division of powers between central and regional governments. It says nothing about how the executive is structured.

3. Step-by-step solution

• Federal System describes how power is divided between levels of government, not who holds executive power. Eliminate A.
• Parliamentary System shares executive power between a Prime Minister and a Cabinet. Eliminate B.
• Cabinet System means collective executive leadership. Eliminate C.
• Presidential System vests executive power in one person, the President. This matches.

4. Answer D. Presidential System

5. Exam tip Link the words to the system:

• "One person" → Presidential
• "Collective/ministers from parliament" → Parliamentary/Cabinet
• "Division of powers between levels" → Federal