The fundamental rights of citizens include the following EXCEPT.......

Analyze the question: We need the option that is NOT part of the fundamental human rights guaranteed in the Nigerian Constitution (Chapter IV, 1999 Constitution). The word "EXCEPT" means we are looking for the odd one out.

Concept: Fundamental Human Rights (Chapter IV, 1999 Constitution) These are justiciable rights, meaning you can go to court to enforce them:

• Right to life (Sec. 33)
• Right to dignity of the human person (Sec. 34)
• Right to personal liberty (Sec. 35)
• Right to fair hearing (Sec. 36)
• Right to private and family life (Sec. 37)
• Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Sec. 38)
• Right to freedom of expression and the press (Sec. 39)
• Right to peaceful assembly and association (Sec. 40)
• Right to freedom of movement (Sec. 41)
• Right to freedom from discrimination (Sec. 42)
• Right to acquire and own property (Sec. 43)

Check each option:

• A. Association, property and social security: Association and property are fundamental rights. Social security is not listed in Chapter IV. It falls under the Directive Principles (Chapter II), so this option also contains a non-fundamental item.
• B. Life, liberty and property: All three are fundamental rights.
• C. Free education, employment and freedom of thought: Freedom of thought is a fundamental right. Free education and employment are not justiciable fundamental rights; they are social and economic objectives in Chapter II.
• D. Life, speech and association: All three are fundamental rights.

Comparing A and C: Both contain something outside Chapter IV, but A has two genuine fundamental rights and one non-fundamental item (social security). C has two non-fundamental items (free education and employment) and only one fundamental right. Option C is the one that is mostly made up of rights that are not fundamental, so it is the best "EXCEPT" answer.

Answer: C

Exam tip: Fundamental rights are the "civil and political" ones: life, liberty, speech, assembly, religion, property, fair hearing. Things that sound like government services, such as education, jobs, healthcare, and social security, are Directive Principles. They are goals, not rights you can enforce in court.