A condition for judicial independence is the appointment of judges by the __________

Analyze the question: It asks which body should appoint judges so that the judiciary stays independent. Judicial independence means judges can decide cases without pressure from the executive, the legislature, or any other group.

Explain the concept: In Nigeria, the Judicial Service Commission (JSC), which includes the National Judicial Council (NJC) at the federal level, recommends persons for appointment as judges. It also handles discipline. This keeps politicians from picking or removing judges at will. The appointment is then formally made by the President or Governor on the recommendation of the NJC, subject to Senate or State House of Assembly confirmation where required. The key point is that a body made up mostly of legal professionals, not politicians, controls the process.

Step-by-step solution:

• A. Civil Service: This is the administrative arm of government that implements policy. It has no role in appointing judges.
• B. Judicial Service Commission: This body is concerned with judicial appointments, discipline, and welfare, so it protects judges from political interference.
• C. Law Review Commission: This reviews and reforms laws. It does not appoint judges.
• D. Code of Conduct Bureau: This enforces ethical conduct and asset declaration by public officers. It does not appoint judges.

Correct answer: B. Judicial Service Commission

Exam tip: Whenever you see "appointment, discipline, or removal of judges," think JSC/NJC. Other conditions for judicial independence worth remembering are security of tenure, adequate remuneration, immunity from legal action for official acts, and separation of powers. These often appear in JAMB and WASSCE questions.