The solidarity for self-governance system and liberty of Africans demonstrated by Africans and Non-Africans in diaspora is termed__________

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the term describing:

• solidarity among Africans and people of African descent (including non-Africans in the diaspora),
• aimed at self-governance and liberty.

The key phrases are "solidarity", "Africans and Non-Africans in diaspora", and "self-governance and liberty".

Step 2: Explain the concept Pan-Africanism is a movement that promotes unity and solidarity among all people of African descent, both on the continent and in the diaspora. It emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its leading figures include:

• W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey (diaspora)
• Henry Sylvester Williams, who organized the 1900 Pan-African Conference in London
• Kwame Nkrumah, George Padmore, and Nnamdi Azikiwe (Africa)

Its goals were the end of colonial rule, self-government, racial dignity, and African unity. This led to the Pan-African Congresses and eventually the Organization of African Unity (OAU, 1963), now the African Union.

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Nationalism: This is loyalty to one's own nation or territory (e.g., Nigerian nationalism against British rule). It is not tied to a diaspora or to Africa-wide solidarity.
• B. Afrocentrism: This is a cultural and intellectual approach that places African history and culture at the center of study. It is not a political movement for self-governance.
• C. Neo-colonialism: This is indirect control of independent states through economic or political means. It is the opposite of what the question describes.
• D. Pan-Africanism: This is solidarity of Africans and people of African descent worldwide for freedom and self-rule. It matches the question.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is D. Pan-Africanism.

Exam tip: When you see "diaspora," "solidarity," or "unity of all Africans," think Pan-Africanism. Remember: "Pan" means "all", so Pan-Africanism means all Africans together, wherever they are.