In the 4th republic, the political parties were______

Analyze the question The question asks which political parties existed at the start of Nigeria's Fourth Republic (1999). This is a Nigerian political history question.

Explain the concept The Fourth Republic began on 29 May 1999 after military rule under General Abdulsalami Abubakar. Only three parties were registered by INEC to contest the 1998-99 transition elections. They were:

• PDP: Peoples Democratic Party
• APP: All Peoples Party (later became ANPP)
• AD: Alliance for Democracy

Check each option

• A. NAP, PDP and APGA: NAP (National Advance Party) was not one of the three original parties, and APGA was registered later (2002-2003). Wrong.
• B. PDP, APP, AD: These are exactly the three parties of 1999. Correct.
• C. UPGA, NNA, CAN: UPGA and NNA are linked to the First Republic (the 1960s), and CAN is the Christian Association of Nigeria, a religious body, not a party. Wrong.
• D. PDP, APGA, AD: APGA only emerged later, so it was not among the original three. Wrong.

Answer The correct option is B. PDP, APP, AD.

Tip Remember the 1999 trio as "PAA": PDP, APP, AD. For other republics, link parties to their eras:

• First Republic: NPC, NCNC, AG, UPGA, NNA
• Second Republic: NPN, UPN, NPP, GNPP, PRP
• Third Republic: SDP and NRC
• Fourth Republic: PDP, APP, AD