Citizenship by naturalization________

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the correct definition of citizenship by naturalization.

Step 2: Explain the concept Naturalization is the legal process by which a foreigner (an alien or non-citizen) who was not born a citizen, and who has not acquired citizenship through descent, becomes a citizen of a country. The person must satisfy the conditions set by the constitution or law. In Nigeria, Section 27 of the 1999 Constitution sets these out, and they include:

• Being of full age and capacity
• Being of good character
• Having a clear intention to live permanently in Nigeria
• Having lived in Nigeria for a specified period (about 15 years)
• Being acceptable to the local community
• Being able to contribute to national progress
• Taking the oath of allegiance

Step 3: Evaluate the options

• A. Same as citizenship by marriage and registration: Wrong. These are different modes of acquiring citizenship. Registration and marriage are separate routes, and naturalization has its own requirements.
• B. Through honorary means: Wrong. Honorary citizenship is a ceremonial title given to distinguished persons. It is not naturalization.
• C. A non-citizen satisfying the constitutional criteria and becoming a legal member of a state: Correct. This matches the definition above.
• D. Alien receiving certification through the judiciary and attaining citizenship by birth: Wrong. Naturalization does not grant citizenship "by birth", and it is usually handled by the executive, not the judiciary.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is C.

Tip: Remember that naturalization means a foreigner who fulfils the legal requirements and becomes a citizen. When you see "satisfying the constitutional criteria" in an option, it is usually the right choice. Be wary of options that mention "by birth" or "honorary", because those describe different modes of citizenship.