According to Lewis Samuel, '________ is identified with pure conquest and unequivocal exploitation...'

Analyze the question: The question asks which term Lewis Samuel linked with "pure conquest and unequivocal exploitation." This is a Government question on imperialism, where theorists distinguish different types of imperialism.

Explain the concept: In Nigerian Government textbooks, imperialism is often divided into two types:

• Progressive imperialism: Associated with development. The imperial power introduces some benefits to the colonised people, such as infrastructure, education, and a new administrative system, even while pursuing its own interests.
• Regressive imperialism: Associated with pure conquest, domination, and exploitation. It brings no meaningful benefit to the conquered people. It is about seizing territory and extracting resources.

Step-by-step solution:

1. The phrase "pure conquest and unequivocal exploitation" describes a purely extractive, one-sided relationship, with no development benefit.
2. This rules out Progressive Imperialism (B), which carries the idea of some positive development.
3. Neo-colonialism (A) refers to indirect control of independent states through economic and political influence, not outright conquest.
4. Colonialism (D) is a general term for the direct control and administration of a territory. It is not the specific classification the quote points to.
5. The words "pure conquest" and "exploitation" match Regressive Imperialism.

Answer: C. Regressive Imperialism

Exam tip: Pair the words "progressive" with "progress/development" and "regressive" with "regress/exploitation." If a JAMB question mentions conquest or exploitation with no benefit to the people, think regressive. If it mentions some development or benefit, think progressive.