Which of the following countries made up the Casablanca Group?

Analyze the question: The question asks which countries belonged to the Casablanca Group, a bloc of African states formed in the early 1960s.

Explain the concept: After independence, African leaders disagreed on how to achieve unity. Two blocs emerged:

• Casablanca Group (1961): Radical or progressive states that wanted immediate political union of Africa, a strong, centralized "United States of Africa", and a firm anti-colonial, non-aligned stance. Its leading figure was Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana. Members: Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Egypt (UAR), Morocco, Algeria (the provisional government), and Libya (which joined later). The group was named after the conference held in Casablanca, Morocco, in January 1961.
• Monrovia Group (1961): Moderate states that favoured gradual unity through economic cooperation while respecting each state's sovereignty. Members included Liberia, Nigeria, Togo, Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Tunisia, and others. Its leaders included Tubman (Liberia) and Tafawa Balewa (Nigeria).

Solve by checking the options:

• A. Liberia, Mali, Egypt: Liberia was a Monrovia member, so this is wrong.
• B. Tunisia, Morocco, Guinea: Tunisia was a Monrovia member, so this is wrong.
• C. Mali, Algeria, Egypt: All three were Casablanca members, so this is correct.
• D. Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Libya: Cote d'Ivoire was a Monrovia member, so this is wrong.

Answer: Option C, Mali, Algeria, Egypt.

Exam tip: Remember that the Casablanca Group was the "radical" bloc, which can be recalled as "G-GAMEL": Ghana, Guinea, Algeria, Mali, Egypt, Libya (plus Morocco, the host). Countries like Liberia, Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, Togo, and Tunisia belong to the moderate Monrovia Group. If an option mixes in any Monrovia member, eliminate it.