The goal of the theory of separation of power is to

1. Analyze the question The question asks about the goal (main purpose) of the theory of separation of powers.

2. Explain the concept The theory of separation of powers is most closely associated with the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu in his book The Spirit of the Laws (1748). He argued that government power should be divided among three organs:

• Legislature makes the laws
• Executive implements and enforces the laws
• Judiciary interprets the laws and settles disputes

The idea is that if all three powers are held by one person or group, the result is tyranny and abuse of power. By dividing the powers, each organ checks the others, so no single organ can become too powerful or oppress citizens.

3. Step-by-step evaluation of the options

• A. Make the executive dependent on the legislative. This describes a fusion of powers, as in the parliamentary system. Separation of powers aims for independence of the organs, so this is wrong.
• B. Give more powers to the legislative. The theory aims at balance, not at making one organ stronger. This is wrong.
• C. Protect individual liberty. Preventing the concentration of power in one hand stops tyranny and safeguards citizens' rights and freedoms. This is correct.
• D. Creates efficiency in the judiciary. Judicial independence is a result of the theory, but efficiency in the judiciary is not its main goal. This is wrong.

4. Answer The main goal of separation of powers is to prevent abuse of power and so protect individual liberty.

5. Exam tip Link key words to key ideas: separation of powers → Montesquieu → prevents tyranny → protects liberty. If an option talks about one organ dominating another, it is usually a distractor. Also remember the related idea of checks and balances, which is how the separation is made to work in practice.