A society that is politically organized under a government is called

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the term describing a society that is politically organized under a government. The key idea is "politically organized society."

Step 2: Explain the concepts

• Sovereign state: A state with supreme authority over its territory and population, free from external control. The emphasis is on independence, not just political organization.
• Community: A group of people living in the same place or sharing common interests or values. It need not have a government.
• National state (nation-state): A state whose citizens largely share one national identity, such as culture, language, or history. The emphasis is on common identity.
• Polity: A politically organized society, meaning a group of people organized under a system of government. The word comes from the Greek politeia, meaning "constitution" or "state."

Step 3: Match the definition to the options The question's wording, "politically organized under a government," matches the standard definition of a polity. The other options each stress something different:

• A stresses sovereignty (independence)
• B stresses shared living or interests
• C stresses shared nationality

Only D describes a society defined simply by its political organization under a government.

Step 4: Answer polity**.

Exam tip: Link the roots. Polity and politics both come from the Greek polis. When you see "politically organized society," think polity. For "sovereign," think independence. For "national," think shared identity.