During the 1964 Federal Election in Nigeria, the United Progressive Grand Alliance comprised the

Analyze the question: It asks which parties made up the United Progressive Grand Alliance (UPGA) in the 1964 federal election.

Concept: The 1964 election was fought between two major alliances:

1. Nigerian National Alliance (NNA), which was conservative and led by the NPC. It included the NPC, NNDP (Akintola's party), and some smaller parties such as the Dikko-led groups and the Niger Delta Congress (NDC).
2. United Progressive Grand Alliance (UPGA), which was progressive and led by the NCNC. It included the NCNC, Action Group (the Awolowo/Adegbenro faction), NEPU, and the UMBC (United Middle Belt Congress). Other allies such as the Kano People's Party (KPP) and the Borno Youth Movement (BYM) are sometimes also listed, though the Borno Youth Movement is most often associated with the UPGA in the North.

Checking the options:

• A. NNDP, NPC and NDC: These were all in the NNA, so this is wrong.
• B. NPC, UMBC and BYM: The NPC was the leader of the opposing alliance, so this is wrong.
• C. UMBC, AG, NEPU and NCNC: These are core UPGA members, so this is correct.
• D. UMBC, BYM, NEPU and NPC: The NPC cannot be in UPGA, so this is wrong.

Tip: Remember it this way: NNA = Northern/Conservative (NPC + NNDP), while UPGA = the Progressives (NCNC + AG + NEPU + UMBC). If the NPC appears in an option about UPGA, eliminate that option immediately.