For this question, choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics. The students were reluctant to participate in the debate.

Step 1: Analyze the question The word in italics is reluctant. We need the option closest in meaning to it. (The italics didn't show in the text, but the word being tested is clearly "reluctant".)

Step 2: Explain the concept Reluctant is an adjective meaning hesitant, or not wanting to do something. It describes someone who lacks willingness or enthusiasm.

Its synonyms include unwilling, hesitant, disinclined, loath. Its antonyms include eager, willing, keen, enthusiastic.

Step 3: Work through the options

• A. excited: This shows strong enthusiasm, the opposite of reluctant. ❌
• B. happy: This describes a feeling of pleasure, not hesitation. ❌
• C. unwilling: This means not wanting to do something, which matches reluctant. ✔
• D. eager: This means very keen, the direct opposite of reluctant. ❌

Step 4: Substitute into the sentence "The students were unwilling to participate in the debate." The meaning stays the same, so this fits.

Answer: C. unwilling

Exam tip: In synonym questions, first decide whether the word has a positive or negative feeling. Reluctant leans negative (not wanting to). That lets you eliminate the positive words (excited, happy, eager) quickly. Also watch for options that are antonyms, since JAMB often includes the opposite as a distractor (here, eager).