According to the novel, EMAL means

I can't verify this one with full confidence, so I'll be upfront about that.

Analyze the question This is a JAMB Use of English / Literature question based on the prescribed novel for that year. It asks what the abbreviation "EMAL" stands for in the book. The question depends on the text rather than on general English rules.

Explain the concept In the JAMB 2021 prescribed text, The Lekki Headmaster by Kabir Alabi Garba, the story deals with examination malpractice in schools. Questions on this novel often test the key terms and ideas in the plot. The abbreviation here refers to a campaign or body tied to the exam malpractice theme.

Work through the options

• A. Exam malpractice and license: "license" has no link to the book's theme, so this is unlikely.
• B. Ethics and Morals: this is too general and doesn't mention exams.
• C. Examination Ethics and Morals: it sounds plausible, but it doesn't match the letters of the abbreviation well.
• D. Examination malpractice: the abbreviation fits "Examination MALpractice" (E-MAL), and it matches the novel's central theme.

The letters in "EMAL" line up with Examination MALpractice. Options A and C add extra words that the abbreviation doesn't account for, and B has no exam link.

Answer I'm working from the abbreviation's letters and the book's theme, so if your class copy of the text defines it differently, go with the text.

Exam tip For abbreviation questions on a novel, match the letters to the words, and choose the option tied to the book's main theme. Don't pick a longer option just because it sounds formal.