Her findings [exploded] widely held beliefs about learning

Step 1: Analyze the question We need the word closest in meaning to "exploded" as used in the sentence: Her findings exploded widely held beliefs about learning.

Here, "exploded" is not literal. It is figurative and means to destroy the credibility of or prove false.

Step 2: Explain the concept Words like "exploded," "debunked," and "refuted" are used for ideas, myths, or theories that are shown to be wrong. For example, "The study exploded the myth that..." means the study showed the myth was false.

Step 3: Test each option

• A. challenged: This means questioned or disputed. It is close, but it is weaker. To challenge a belief does not mean you have proved it wrong. "Exploded" suggests a complete demolition.
• B. debunked: This means exposed as false or exaggerated. It matches the figurative sense of "exploded" very well.
• C. projected: This means forecast or thrown outward. It does not fit.
• D. confirmed: This is the opposite of "exploded."

Step 4: Answer The best match is B. debunked.

Tip: In "nearest in meaning" questions, work out the meaning from the context first. Then eliminate the opposites (like "confirmed") and the words that are too weak (like "challenged"). Remember: explode a myth = debunk a myth.