Answer the following question below and choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word or phrase…

Analyze the question: The question asks for the word opposite in meaning to "ad hoc" in the sentence: "Otokpa is a member of the ad hoc committee on stock acquisition."

Explain the concept: "Ad hoc" is a Latin phrase meaning "for this particular purpose." An ad hoc committee is one set up for a specific task, usually temporary and not part of the permanent structure. It can also describe something improvised or unplanned, done as the need arises.

Solution: Let's check each option against "ad hoc":

• A. improvised: This is close to "ad hoc" in the sense of being makeshift or unplanned. It is a synonym, not an opposite.
• B. formal: Formal means official, established and following set rules. This contrasts with ad hoc, which is arranged on the spot for a purpose. It is the best opposite among the options.
• C. temporary: An ad hoc committee is temporary. This is a synonym, so it is wrong.
• D. fact-finding: This describes a purpose, not a quality. It is neither a synonym nor an antonym.

"Ad hoc" means makeshift, informal or temporary, and "formal" (established, regular, official) is the nearest opposite. Strictly speaking, "permanent" or "standing" would be the ideal antonym for the "committee" sense, but it isn't offered, so B is the best fit.

Answer: B. formal

Exam tip: In "opposite in meaning" questions, first work out the meaning of the word, then eliminate the options that are synonyms. Here, A and C are synonyms, which leaves B as the contrast. Also remember: ad hoc = for this purpose only, so the opposite is permanent, standing or formal.