Part-time workers who desire full-time employment are:

Analyze the question: It asks how we classify part-time workers who want full-time jobs, and whether they count in the unemployment figures.

Concept:

• Unemployed: people who have no job at all, are able and willing to work, and are actively looking for work.
• Underemployed: people who have a job but are not fully utilised, for example part-timers who want full-time hours, or graduates working below their skill level. This is called visible underemployment when it is about hours.
• In standard labour statistics (ILO and national bureaus, including Nigeria's NBS), anyone who worked even one hour in the reference week counts as employed. Part-time workers are therefore employed and are not included in the unemployment rate. They are reported separately as the underemployment rate.

Solution:

• A: Wrong. They are underemployed, but they are not counted in the unemployment statistics because they have jobs.
• B: Correct. They are underemployed (they want more hours than they get) and they do not enter the unemployment figure, since they are classified as employed.
• C: Wrong. They are working, so they are part of the labour force.
• D: Wrong. Cyclical unemployment is job loss caused by a downturn in the business cycle, which is a different concept.

Answer: B

Exam tip: Remember "Under-employed ≠ Unemployed." If a person has any paid work, they are employed in the statistics. Underemployment is measured separately, so it never adds to the unemployment rate.