The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD) performs the following functions except-------

1. Analyze the question The question asks which option is NOT a function of the IBRD (the World Bank). It is an "except" question, so we are looking for the odd one out.

2. Explain the concept The IBRD was set up in 1944 (Bretton Woods) to help rebuild war-torn economies and promote development. It is part of the World Bank Group. Its main functions are:

• Granting long-term loans to member countries for development projects (roads, power, agriculture, education, etc.)
• Providing technical assistance and advisory expertise
• Supporting human resource development (education, health and training projects)
• Encouraging foreign investment by guaranteeing or participating in loans

Reducing tariffs among members is a different matter. That belongs to trade bodies such as the WTO (formerly GATT) and to regional economic communities like ECOWAS.

3. Step-by-step solution

• A. Long-term loans: this is a core IBRD function. ✔
• B. Technical expertise: the IBRD offers technical assistance and advice. ✔
• C. Reducing tariffs among members: this is not an IBRD role. It belongs to the WTO/GATT or customs unions. ✘
• D. Developing human resources: the IBRD funds education, health and training projects. ✔

4. Answer The odd one out is C. reducing tariff among members.

5. Exam tip Link each institution to its job:

• IBRD gives development loans and technical help.
• IMF handles balance-of-payments support and exchange rate stability.
• WTO deals with trade rules and tariff reduction.

When you see "tariff" or "trade barriers", think WTO, not World Bank.