Which of the following countries is not a member of the Economic Community of West African States?

Step 1: Analyze the question You are asked to find the country that is NOT a member of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States).

Step 2: Concept ECOWAS was founded in 1975 (Treaty of Lagos) to promote economic integration in West Africa. So membership depends on a country being in West Africa (plus some historical membership).

Members include: Benin, Cape Verde (Cabo Verde), Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, and others. (Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger announced their withdrawal in 2025 after being suspended, but this is irrelevant to the question.)

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Sudan is in North/East Africa, not West Africa. It has never been an ECOWAS member.
• B. Gambia is in West Africa and is an ECOWAS member.
• C. Togo is in West Africa and is an ECOWAS member (a founding member).
• D. Nigeria is in West Africa and is a founding member, and it is the largest economy in the bloc.

Step 4: Answer The country that is not a member is Sudan, so the answer is A.

Tip: For "which is not a member" questions on regional bodies, look for the country outside the geographic region. Sudan is in the east/north, while the others are all in West Africa. Also remember that the ECOWAS headquarters is in Abuja, Nigeria.