One of these is not a way by which government encourage industrialization?

1. Analyze the question The question asks which option is NOT a way the government encourages industrialization. So three options are government policies that promote industry, and one is not.

2. Explain the concept Industrialization is the growth of manufacturing and processing industries in an economy. Governments in Nigeria encourage it through:

• Protecting young firms from foreign competition (tariffs, quotas, bans)
• Providing incentives, such as tax holidays, cheap loans and industrial estates
• Setting up laws and agencies to promote local ownership and enterprise
• Training skilled manpower through schools, polytechnics and universities
• Providing infrastructure such as power, roads and water

3. Evaluate each option

• A. Protection of infant industries: This is a government policy. Tariffs and import restrictions let new local industries grow, so it does encourage industrialization.
• B. Nigeria Enterprises Promotion Decree (1972 and 1977): This is a government policy. It transferred ownership of certain businesses to Nigerians and promoted local participation in industry, so it does encourage industrialization.
• C. Low productivity and inefficiency: This is not a government policy at all. It is a problem that holds industries back, so it discourages industrialization.
• D. Establishment of higher institutions: This is a government policy. It produces the skilled manpower and technical knowledge that industries need, so it does encourage industrialization.

4. Answer Option C is the only one that is not a way government encourages industrialization. It is an obstacle to industrial growth, not a measure to promote it.

5. Exam tip In "which of these is NOT..." questions, look for the option that describes a problem or negative condition (like low productivity, inefficiency, corruption or poor power supply) among options that describe policies or actions. That option is usually the odd one out.