The concentration of industries in a particular geographical area is

Analyze the question: The question asks for the term used when industries are concentrated (clustered) in one particular geographical area.

Explain the concept:

• Localization of industries means the concentration of firms in the same industry or related industries in a particular area. Examples are the textile industry in Kano and Kaduna, and the cocoa processing industry in the South-West. Firms cluster there because of shared advantages such as raw materials, skilled labour, infrastructure, and nearby markets.
• Location of industry is the choice of site for a single firm. It is about where one factory is sited, not about many industries gathering in one place.
• Roles of industrialization are the benefits industrialization brings, such as job creation and foreign exchange savings.
• Strategies of industrialization are the approaches a country uses to industrialize, such as import substitution and export promotion.

Step-by-step solution:

1. The key phrase is "concentration of industries in a particular geographical area".
2. Concentration of many firms in one area is the definition of localization.
3. Option C (location) is the closest distractor, but it refers to where a single firm sets up, not to clustering.
4. Options B and D are about the purpose and methods of industrialization, so they do not fit.

Answer: A. localization of industries.

Exam tip: Localization has the word "local," meaning a particular area. When you see "concentration" or "clustering" of industries in one place, think localization. Think location when the question is about a single firm choosing a site.