The compound responsible for the pleasant scent of fruits and perfumes belongs to the class of

Analysis

The question asks for the specific class of organic compounds that are characterized by their sweet, fruity, and pleasant smells, commonly used in the fragrance and flavoring industry.

Concept Explanation

In organic chemistry, different functional groups give compounds distinct physical and chemical properties.

• Alkanamide (Amides): These are derivatives of carboxylic acids where the -OH group is replaced by an -NH₂ group. They are generally odorless or have a pungent smell.
• Alkanone (Ketones): These contain a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms. While some have distinct smells (like acetone), they are not primarily known for "pleasant fruity scents."
• Alkanal (Aldehydes): These contain a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Many have strong, sometimes sharp or pungent odors.
• Alkanoate (Esters): These are formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol (esterification). Esters are widely known in chemistry for their characteristic sweet, fruity, and floral aromas. They are the primary components in artificial fruit flavorings and perfumes.

Step-by-Step Solution

1. Identify the functional group: The question focuses on "pleasant scent of fruits and perfumes."
2. Relate to organic chemistry: Esters are the products of the reaction: • Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol → Ester + Water
3. Evaluate the options: • A, B, and C do not possess the characteristic sweet, fruity aroma associated with esters. • D (Alkanoate) is the IUPAC name for the salt or ester of an alkanoic acid. Esters are chemically referred to as alkyl alkanoates.
4. Conclusion: Because esters (alkanoates) are responsible for the natural scents of fruits like bananas, pineapples, and oranges, they are the correct class of compounds.

Correct Answer

The correct option is D.

Exam Tip

To remember this for your JAMB exam, use the mnemonic "Ester = Essence." Whenever you see a question about "fruity smells," "perfumes," or "flavorings," immediately look for Esters or Alkanoates in the options.