Kerosene is used as solvent for

Analysis

The question asks for the specific application of kerosene as a solvent. In chemistry, "like dissolves like"—non-polar substances dissolve in non-polar solvents. Kerosene is a non-polar hydrocarbon mixture derived from petroleum, making it an excellent solvent for other non-polar substances.

Concept Explanation

Kerosene is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Because it is non-polar, it is widely used in industrial and domestic settings to dissolve substances that do not dissolve in water (a polar solvent).

• Paints: Oil-based paints use organic solvents (like turpentine or kerosene) to keep the pigments and binders in a liquid state.
• Sulphur: Sulphur is typically dissolved in carbon disulfide ($CS_2$).
• Gums: Natural gums are often complex polysaccharides and are generally insoluble in non-polar solvents like kerosene.
• Fats: While kerosene can dissolve some fats, its primary commercial and industrial application as a solvent is specifically formulated for thinning oil-based paints and varnishes.

Step-by-Step Solution

1. Evaluate the options: • Option A (Paints): Kerosene is commonly used as a thinner for oil-based paints to adjust their viscosity for easier application. • Option B (Sulphur): Sulphur is not effectively dissolved by kerosene; it requires specific solvents like carbon disulfide. • Option C (Gums): Gums are generally insoluble in petroleum-based solvents. • Option D (Fats): While kerosene has some grease-cutting properties, "Paints" is the standard industrial classification for its use as a solvent.

2. Conclusion: Among the given choices, the most accurate and standard application of kerosene as a solvent in the context of chemistry and industrial practice is for paints.

Exam Tip

When you see questions about solvents in JAMB, remember the "Like Dissolves Like" rule:

• Water (Polar) dissolves ionic salts and polar compounds.
• Organic solvents (Non-polar) like kerosene, benzene, and petrol dissolve oils, fats, and resins (like those found in paints).