Hydrogen bond is a sort of

Analysis

The question asks for the classification of a hydrogen bond. To answer this, we need to understand the nature of intermolecular forces and how they differ from intramolecular bonds (like ionic or covalent bonds).

Concept Explanation

• Intramolecular bonds: These are strong forces that hold atoms together within a molecule (e.g., covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and dative/coordinate covalent bonds).
• Intermolecular forces: These are weaker forces of attraction that exist between molecules.
• Hydrogen Bond: A hydrogen bond is a special, strong type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (specifically Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine). Because the hydrogen atom is partially positive and the electronegative atom is partially negative, they attract neighboring molecules.
• Van der Waals forces: This is a general term used to describe the weak electrostatic attractions between molecules. In many chemistry textbooks and examination syllabi (including JAMB), hydrogen bonding is categorized as a specific, stronger type of van der Waals force because it is an intermolecular attraction rather than a chemical bond formed by the sharing or transfer of electrons.

Step-by-Step Solution

1. Evaluate the options: • B, C, and D: Dative, ionic, and covalent bonds are all intramolecular bonds. They involve the sharing or transfer of electrons to form a compound. A hydrogen bond does not create a new molecule; it only influences how existing molecules interact with each other. • A: Van der Waals forces are intermolecular forces. Since hydrogen bonding is an attraction between molecules, it falls under this classification in the context of general chemistry examinations.

2. Conclusion: While a hydrogen bond is significantly stronger than standard London dispersion forces, it is classified as an intermolecular force, which is grouped under the umbrella of van der Waals forces in this context.

Exam Tip

When you see questions about "bonds," always ask yourself: "Is this holding atoms together inside a molecule, or is it holding two separate molecules together?" If it's holding molecules together, it is an intermolecular force (Van der Waals or Hydrogen bond). If it's holding atoms together, it is a chemical bond (Ionic, Covalent, or Dative).