The derivative of benzene that can be used in making explosives is

1. Analyze the Question

The question asks for a specific derivative of benzene that is commonly used in the production of explosives. We need to look at the chemical properties of the options provided to see which one is a precursor to a well-known explosive.

2. Explain the Concept

Benzene derivatives are aromatic compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring are replaced by other functional groups.

In the context of explosives, the most famous derivative is Trinitrotoluene (TNT). TNT is produced by the nitration of toluene (methylbenzene). The methyl group ($–CH_3$) on the benzene ring makes the ring more reactive toward electrophilic substitution (like nitration), allowing for the addition of three nitro ($–NO_2$) groups to form the explosive compound.

3. Show the Solution

• Aniline ($C_6H_5NH_2$): Primarily used in the dye and rubber industries.
• Xylene ($C_6H_4(CH_3)_2$): Used as a solvent and in the production of polymers like polyester.
• Phenol ($C_6H_5OH$): Used in the production of plastics, resins, and as an antiseptic. While it can be nitrated to form picric acid (which is an explosive), it is not the primary industrial precursor associated with the term "derivative of benzene" in the context of standard JAMB chemistry questions regarding TNT.
• Toluene ($C_6H_5CH_3$): This is the direct precursor to Trinitrotoluene (TNT). The process involves reacting toluene with concentrated nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

Because TNT is one of the most widely recognized explosives derived from a benzene derivative, toluene is the correct answer.

4. Identify the Answer

The correct option is D.

5. Exam Tip

When you see questions about benzene derivatives and explosives, always look for Toluene. Remember the acronym TNT (Trinitrotoluene)—the "T" stands for Toluene! This will help you quickly identify the correct answer in your exam.