12D + 13T → 24He + 01n + energy The reaction above illustrates?

Analysis of the Question

The equation provided is:

This represents the reaction between Deuterium ($^2_1\text{D}$) and Tritium ($^3_1\text{T}$), which are isotopes of hydrogen, to form a Helium nucleus ($^4_2\text{He}$) and a neutron ($^1_0\text{n}$).

Concept Explanation

• Nuclear Fission: This is the process where a heavy, unstable nucleus (like Uranium-235) splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy and neutrons.
• Nuclear Fusion: This is the process where two light atomic nuclei combine (fuse) to form a single, heavier nucleus. This process releases a tremendous amount of energy. It is the same process that powers the sun and other stars.
• Alpha Decay: This is a type of radioactive decay where an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle ($^4_2\text{He}$ nucleus) to become more stable.
• Artificial Transmutation: This is the conversion of one element into another by bombarding it with high-energy particles (like alpha particles or neutrons).

Step-by-Step Solution

1. Identify the reactants: We have two light nuclei (Deuterium and Tritium).
2. Identify the product: They combine to form a heavier nucleus (Helium).
3. Analyze the process: Since two light nuclei are joining together to form a heavier one, this is the definition of nuclear fusion.
4. Compare with options: • Option A is incorrect because this is not a decay process. • Option B is incorrect because this is a spontaneous/natural-style reaction often used in thermonuclear weapons or stars, not a laboratory bombardment of a stable element. • Option C matches our analysis. • Option D is incorrect because the nuclei are joining, not splitting.

Conclusion

The reaction describes the fusion of two hydrogen isotopes into helium.

Exam Tip: Remember the mnemonic: Fission = Fission (splitting/division), Fusion = Fuse (joining together). If you see small numbers (like hydrogen isotopes) becoming a larger one, it is always fusion!