The endocrine gland that is called the master gland is the

1. Analyze the question The question asks which endocrine gland is called the "master gland." This is a recall question about the endocrine system.

2. Explain the concept Endocrine glands are ductless glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream. One of them controls the activity of many of the others, and that is why it earns the title "master gland."

3. Step-by-step solution

• Thyroid gland (A): Produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolic rate. It is controlled by the pituitary (through TSH), so it is not the master.
• Pancreas (B): Produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar. It has both endocrine and exocrine functions, but it does not control other glands.
• Pituitary gland (C): A small gland at the base of the brain, attached to the hypothalamus. It secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands: • TSH stimulates the thyroid • ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex • FSH and LH stimulate the gonads (ovaries and testes) • Growth hormone controls growth • ADH and oxytocin are released from its posterior part

Because it regulates so many other glands, it is called the master gland.

• Adrenal gland (D): Produces adrenaline and cortisol. It is controlled by the pituitary (through ACTH).

4. Answer The correct option is C. pituitary gland.

5. Exam tip Remember: "Pituitary = Principal." Both start with P, and the pituitary is the principal gland that gives orders to the others. Note that the hypothalamus controls the pituitary, but in JAMB and WASSCE the pituitary is the standard "master gland" answer.