2023 JAMB Biology Past Questions & Answers

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true regarding cell growth?

Accepted Answer

C. Cell growth involves an increase in the number of organelles within a cell

Answer

A. Cell growth is solely influenced by external factors

Answer

B. Cell growth is a continuous process throughout the life of a cell

Answer

D. Cell growth occurs by cell division

Question 2

Which of the following organs is primarily responsible for excretion in humans?

Accepted Answer

C. Kidneys

Answer

A. Liver

Answer

B. Pancreas

Answer

D. Lungs

Question 3

Viviparity refers to the reproductive strategy in which

Accepted Answer

C. Offspring develop and are nourished inside the female's body

Answer

A. Offspring are produced by internal fertilization

Answer

B. Offspring are produced by external fertilization

Answer

D. Offspring develop and are nourished outside the female's body

Question 4

Which type of reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two parents?

Accepted Answer

A. Sexual reproduction

Answer

B. Asexual reproduction

Answer

C. Binary fission

Answer

D. Budding

Question 5

Which of the following are components of the skeletal system in humans?

Accepted Answer

D. Bones and joints

Answer

A. Cartilage and blood vessels

Answer

B. Ligaments and tendons

Answer

C. Muscles and nerves

Question 6

Which of the following best describes physiological variation in biology?

Accepted Answer

A. Variations in the physiological processes and functions of organisms

Answer

B. Differences in physical characteristics and appearance within a population

Answer

C. Differences in behavior and social interactions among individuals

Answer

D. Variations in the genetic makeup of individuals within a species

Question 7

Which of the following is the primary organ involved in gas exchange during respiration in humans?

Accepted Answer

C. Lungs

Answer

A. Diaphragm

Answer

B. Bronchi

Answer

D. Trachea

Question 8

Metamorphosis is a biological process that involves

Accepted Answer

B. The change in form and structure during the life cycle of certain organisms

Answer

A. The growth and development of an organism from a zygote to an adult

Answer

C. The regeneration of lost body parts in an organism

Answer

D. The transformation of an organism from an adult stage to a larval stage

Question 9

Which process in the nutrient cycle converts atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can utilize?

Accepted Answer

B. Nitrogen fixation

Answer

A. Denitrification

Answer

C. Ammonification

Answer

D. Nitrification

Question 10

Which of the following represents an example of ecological management and conservation through a biological association?

Accepted Answer

D. Establishment of marine protected areas

Answer

A. Construction of a dam for hydroelectric power

Answer

B. Introduction of an invasive species for pest control

Answer

C. Clear-cutting of a forest for timber extraction

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of physiological variation in organisms?

Accepted Answer

A. Variation in blood pressure among individuals

Answer

B. Variation in beak shape among finches

Answer

C. Differences in fur color in rabbits

Answer

D. Variation in leaf shape in plants

Question 12

Most fishes do not sink in water because of the presences of: I. swim bladder II. air bladder III. air sacs IV. air in spongy bones

Accepted Answer

B. I and II are correct

Answer

A. II and III are correct

Answer

C. I, II, III and IV are correct

Answer

D. III and IV are correct

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics is typical of the phylum Arthropoda?

Accepted Answer

D. Presence of a segmented body

Answer

A. Radial symmetry

Answer

B. Closed circulatory system

Answer

C. Endoskeleton made of bones

Question 14

What is the term used to describe the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can support indefinitely?

Accepted Answer

C. Carrying capacity

Answer

A. Ecological niche

Answer

B. Limiting factor

Answer

D. Density-dependent factor

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true regarding sex-linked traits?

Accepted Answer

A. Sex-linked traits are located on the sex chromosomes

Answer

B. Sex-linked traits are inherited only from the mother

Answer

C. Sex-linked traits are more commonly observed in females

Answer

D. Sex-linked traits are not influenced by hormonal factors

Question 16

Which of the following factors primarily affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

Accepted Answer

C. Temperature

Answer

A. Wind speed

Answer

B. Soil pH

Answer

D. Day length

Question 17

Ecological succession refers to

Accepted Answer

D. The gradual and predictable change in a community over time

Answer

A. The movement of organisms from one habitat to another

Answer

B. The competition among species for limited resources

Answer

C. The process of natural selection in a population

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding sexual reproduction in organisms?

Accepted Answer

A. It involves the fusion of gametes from two parents, resulting in offspring with genetic variation

Answer

B. It involves the production of offspring through a single parent, resulting in genetically identical offspring

Answer

C. It is a form of asexual reproduction where offspring are produced without the involvement of gametes

Answer

D. It does not involve the formation of gametes or the fusion of reproductive cells

Question 19

What are the primary products of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

B. Glucose and oxygen

Answer

A. Carbon dioxide and water

Answer

C. Glucose and carbon dioxide

Answer

D. Oxygen and water

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a method of reproduction in animals?

Accepted Answer

D. Sporulation

Answer

A. Asexual reproduction

Answer

B. Budding

Answer

C. Sexual reproduction

Question 21

Which of the following structures in the ear is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations to the auditory nerve?

Accepted Answer

C. Cochlea

Answer

A. Eardrum

Answer

B. Ossicles

Answer

D. Auditory canal

Question 22

In monohybrid inheritance, if an organism carries two different alleles for a particular gene, it is called:

Accepted Answer

C. Heterozygous

Answer

A. Homozygous

Answer

B. Dominant

Answer

D. Recessive

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true about the kingdom Fungi?

Accepted Answer

A. Fungi obtain nutrients by absorbing organic matter

Answer

B. Fungi are photosynthetic organisms

Answer

C. Fungi are multicellular organisms

Answer

D. Fungi reproduce through the formation of seeds

Question 24

The alternate form of a gene is

Accepted Answer

D. Allele

Answer

A. Alternate type

Answer

B. Dominant character

Answer

C. Recessive character

Question 25

Which of the following plant tissues is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant?

Accepted Answer

B. Xylem

Answer

A. Mesophyll

Answer

C. Epidermis

Answer

D. Phloem

Question 26

Which of the following is a difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

C. Plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells do not

Answer

A. Plant cells have a nucleus, while animal cells do not

Answer

B. Plant cells have a cell membrane, while animal cells have a cell wall

Answer

D. Plant cells have a central vacuole, while animal cells have multiple small vacuoles

Question 27

Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

A. Arteries

Answer

B. Venules

Answer

C. Capillaries

Answer

D. Veins

Question 28

The term cell was given by

Accepted Answer

A. Robert Hooke

Answer

B. Schwann

Answer

C. De Bary

Answer

D. Tatum

Question 29

Which of the following processes is involved in the reproduction of developing organisms?

Accepted Answer

C. Fertilization

Answer

A. Budding

Answer

B. Germination

Answer

D. Pollination

Question 30

Which of the following is a plant hormone responsible for promoting cell elongation and growth?

Accepted Answer

B. Gibberellins

Answer

A. Abscisic acid

Answer

C. Ethylene

Answer

D. Cytokinins

Question 31

Which of the following options correctly identifies excretory organs in animals?

Accepted Answer

B. Lungs, kidneys, and skin

Answer

A. Stomach, intestines, and bladder

Answer

C. Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Answer

D. Heart, liver, and spleen

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of a microorganism in action as a disease vector?

Accepted Answer

B. Mosquito transmitting malaria

Answer

A. Fungi decomposing dead plant material

Answer

C. Bacteria causing food poisoning

Answer

D. Algae producing oxygen through photosynthesis

Question 33

Which organs are part of the alimentary canal in the human digestive system?

Accepted Answer

B. Large intestine, appendix, and rectum

Answer

A. Salivary glands, tongue, and pharynx

Answer

C. Stomach, liver, and gallbladder

Answer

D. Oesophagus, pancreas, and small intestine

Question 34

What is the primary source of variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

B. Mutation

Answer

A. Gene flow

Answer

C. Natural selection

Answer

D. Genetic drift

Question 35

Which of the following statements about the heart is true?

Accepted Answer

D. The heart is a muscular organ that contracts to circulate blood throughout the body

Answer

A. The heart is responsible for the production of red blood cells

Answer

B. The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer

C. The heart receives blood from the kidneys and filters waste products

Question 36

Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction in plants?

Accepted Answer

B. Vegetative propagation

Answer

A. Pollination

Answer

C. Seed dispersal

Answer

D. Fertilization

Question 37

Which of the following is evidence of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A. All of the above.

Answer

B. Similarities in embryonic development

Answer

C. Fossils of extinct organisms

Answer

D. Homologous structures in different species

Question 38

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for providing support in plants?

Accepted Answer

D. Cell walls and turgor pressure

Answer

A. Muscles and bones

Answer

B. Exoskeleton

Answer

C. Endocrine system

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of an abiotic ecological factor?

Accepted Answer

A. Temperature

Answer

B. Competition

Answer

C. Predation

Answer

D. Symbiosis

Question 40

What is autotrophic nutrition?

Accepted Answer

D. Nutrition in which organisms produce their own food using energy from the sun or inorganic substances

Answer

A. Nutrition in which organisms obtain food by breaking down complex organic compounds.

Answer

B. Nutrition in which organisms obtain food from other organisms

Answer

C. Nutrition in which organisms obtain food by consuming both plants and animals

Question 41

Which of the following eye defects is caused by the inability of the eye to focus light on the retina?

Accepted Answer

A. Glaucoma

Answer

B. Myopia

Answer

C. Cataracts

Answer

D. Astigmatism

Question 42

Which of the following statements about viruses is true?

Accepted Answer

B. Viruses require a host cell to replicate

Answer

A. Viruses can reproduce outside of a host cell

Answer

C. Viruses possess a cellular structure

Answer

D. Viruses are living organisms

Question 43

Which of the following is a male reproductive organ in humans?

Accepted Answer

C. Testis

Answer

A. Uterus

Answer

B. Ovary

Answer

D. Fallopian tube

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of conserving resources in an ecosystem

Accepted Answer

C. Implementing sustainable fishing practices

Answer

A. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture

Answer

B. Introducing invasive species to an ecosystem

Answer

D. Cutting down trees for timber production

Question 45

Which of the following represents the correct hierarchical organization of life from the smallest to the largest scale?

Accepted Answer

D. Cells, tissues, organs, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems

Answer

A. Organs, tissues, cells, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems

Answer

B. Cells, organs, tissues, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems

Answer

C. Tissues, organs, cells, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems

Question 46

Which of the following best describes a natural habitat in ecology?

Accepted Answer

A. An area where organisms naturally live and interact with their surroundings

Answer

B. A human-created environment for wildlife conservation

Answer

C. A controlled laboratory setting for ecological experiments

Answer

D. A protected area for endangered species

Question 47

Which of the following best describes the concept of trophic levels in a functioning ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

B. The levels of energy flow within an ecosystem

Answer

A. The levels of ecological interactions within an ecosystem

Answer

C. The levels of nutrient cycling within an ecosystem

Answer

D. The levels of biological diversity within an ecosystem

Question 48

The theory of evolution can be defined as

Accepted Answer

C. The idea that species change over time through natural processes

Answer

A. The belief that all species were created in their current form

Answer

B. The hypothesis that organisms strive to improve themselves over generations

Answer

D. The concept that evolution occurs through a series of sudden and dramatic changes

Question 49

What is the definition of population ecology?

Accepted Answer

D. The study of the distribution and abundance of individuals within a species

Answer

A. The study of interactions between organisms and their physical environment

Answer

B. The study of evolutionary processes and their effects on populations

Answer

C. The study of interactions between different populations in an ecosystem

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation for survival in animals?

Accepted Answer

B. Migration

Answer

A. Sharp teeth

Answer

C. Wings

Answer

D. Camouflage

Question 51

Which of the following traits is not visible in a person with Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

B. High muscle tone

Answer

A. Short neck

Answer

C. Small stature

Answer

D. Slant eyes

Question 52

A biome characterized by hot summer, warm winter and treeless vegetation is

Accepted Answer

A. Steppe grasslands

Answer

B. Temperate deserts

Answer

C. Savannah grassland

Answer

D. Tropical deserts

Question 53

Digestive enzymes are responsible for

Accepted Answer

A. Breaking down food into smaller molecules

Answer

B. Absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream

Answer

C. Regulating the pH of the digestive tract

Answer

D. Transporting food through the digestive system

Question 54

The membrane around the vacuole is known as

Accepted Answer

C. Tonoplast

Answer

A. Elaioplast

Answer

B. Amyloplast

Answer

D. Cytoplast

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal?

Accepted Answer

C. Liver

Answer

A. Oesophagus

Answer

B. Large intestine

Answer

D. Small intestine

Question 56

Which of the following soil types becomes less fertile due to the intense leaching caused by tropical rains?

Accepted Answer

B. Laterite soil

Answer

A. Yellow soil

Answer

C. Red soils

Answer

D. Black soil

Question 57

Which processes are involved in nutrient cycling in a functioning ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

C. Nitrogen fixation, denitrification, and ammonification

Answer

A. Erosion, weathering, and sedimentation

Answer

B. Decomposition, evaporation, and precipitation

Answer

D. Respiration, photosynthesis, and transpiration

Question 58

The natural place of an organism or community is known as

Accepted Answer

D. Habitat

Answer

A. Niche

Answer

B. Habit

Answer

C. Biome

Question 59

Which of the following is a characteristic of cells related to irritability?

Accepted Answer

A. Ability to respond to stimuli

Answer

B. Ability to synthesize proteins

Answer

C. Ability to generate energy

Answer

D. Ability to replicate DNA

Question 60

What is the tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant?

Accepted Answer

A. Xylem

Answer

B. Epidermis

Answer

C. Parenchyma

Answer

D. Phloem

Question 61

Which gland is responsible for producing the hormone insulin?

Accepted Answer

C. Pancreas

Answer

A. Thyroid gland

Answer

B. Pituitary gland

Answer

D. Adrenal gland

Question 62

Which of the following is a primary source of pollution in aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

B. Industrial discharge

Answer

A. Soil erosion

Answer

C. Air pollution

Answer

D. Deforestation

Question 63

Which of the following is an example of an adaptation for survival in social insects?

Accepted Answer

C. Formation of complex caste systems

Answer

A. Migration to warmer climates

Answer

B. Production of venom for defense

Answer

D. Hibernation during winter months

Question 64

Which of the following options best describes adaptation for survival in organisms?

Accepted Answer

A. Adaptation is the inherited trait that increases an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its environment

Answer

B. Adaptation is the process by which organisms acquire new characteristics during their lifetime

Answer

C. Adaptation refers to the ability of an organism to change its environment to better suit its needs

Answer

D. Adaptation involves the development of new traits in response to changes in the environment

2023 JAMB Biology Past Questions and Answers

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