Which of the reproductive system in mammals secretes a part of the seminal fluid which raises the pH of the fluid in the female reproductive system?

Analyze the question: We need the male reproductive gland that contributes part of the seminal fluid and helps raise (neutralize) the pH of the fluid in the female reproductive tract. The vagina is acidic (pH about 3.5-4.5), which is harmful to sperm.

Concept: The accessory glands in mammals each add something to semen:

• Seminal vesicles: secrete a viscous, alkaline, fructose-rich fluid (about 60-70% of semen volume). It supplies energy for the sperm and is alkaline.
• Prostate gland: secretes a thin, milky, slightly alkaline fluid containing enzymes and citric acid. It helps sperm motility and neutralizes the acidity of the vagina.
• Cowper's (bulbourethral) gland: secretes a clear, alkaline mucus before ejaculation. It lubricates the urethra and neutralizes residual acidic urine.
• Vas deferens: only a tube that carries sperm, with no secretion.

Working: Several glands are alkaline, so we must find the best match to "raises the pH of the fluid in the female reproductive system."

• Cowper's gland neutralizes the urethra, not the female tract, so it is not the best fit.
• The vas deferens secretes nothing, so it is out.
• Seminal vesicle fluid is alkaline, but its textbook role is nourishing sperm with fructose.
• The prostate gland's textbook role is to neutralize the acidity of the vaginal tract so sperm can survive.

Answer: The prostate gland, option B.

Note: The seminal vesicle (D) is also slightly alkaline, so it is a tempting distractor. In JAMB, link the prostate with neutralizing vaginal acidity and the seminal vesicle with fructose/energy.

Memory tip: "Prostate = Protects sperm from acid. Vesicle = Vitality (fructose energy)."