JAMB 2018 Biology · Question 21

The hormones secreted by pancreas serves to

Options

  1. A.Facilitate the development of facial hairs
  2. B.Raise the level of calcium in the blood
  3. C.Lower blood glucose level
  4. D.Make the body react to emergencies

Answer: C. Lower blood glucose level

Explanation written with AI and checked against the answer key

Analyze the question: It asks about the function of hormones secreted by the pancreas.

Explain the concept: The pancreas is both an exocrine gland (it secretes digestive enzymes) and an endocrine gland. Its endocrine part is made up of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete two hormones:

  • Insulin (from beta cells): lowers blood glucose by helping cells take up glucose and by converting excess glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscles.
  • Glucagon (from alpha cells): raises blood glucose by converting glycogen back to glucose.

Together, they keep blood sugar level stable (homeostasis).

Check each option:

  • A. Facial hair development: This is controlled by androgens such as testosterone, from the testes. It is not a pancreatic function.
  • B. Raise blood calcium: This is done by parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands, not the pancreas.
  • C. Lower blood glucose level: This is the action of insulin, the main pancreatic hormone. Correct.
  • D. Make the body react to emergencies: This describes adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal medulla, the "fight or flight" hormone.

Answer: The pancreas secretes insulin, which lowers blood glucose.

Exam tip: Match each gland to its key job:

  • Pancreas → blood sugar (insulin lowers it)
  • Adrenal → emergencies (adrenaline)
  • Parathyroid → calcium
  • Testes → male features, such as facial hair

Insulin = "Insulin brings sugar in" to the cells, so blood sugar goes down.

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